Priority review vouchers revisited
Among the many uncertainties in this week’s surprise approval of Sarepta’s eteplirsen, the FDA granting the company a paediatric priority review voucher is at least a relatively secure source of value.
How much value is a guess, however, though this has not stopped analysts from adding into their models up to $350m of cash inflow from the voucher’s sale. Based on the limited evidence of other voucher transfers, the need to assume near-term blockbuster revenue to justify a knockout price, and vouchers’ declining scarcity value, a lucrative sale is no dead cert (see table below).
With Sarepta’s market cap putting on $850m on Monday after the FDA verdict, the potential value of the priority review voucher (PRV) was likely lost in the surge in sentiment over potential eteplirsen sales (Sarepta, patients win – but what of regulatory oversight?, September 19, 2016).
However, some banks immediately assumed that Sarepta would sell the PRV for a handsome amount: Leerink added a $350m cash windfall into its model, while Baird went for $250m.
It is by no means certain whether these figures are realistic, as they simply approximate to the two most lucrative disclosed PRV transfers – Asklepion’s and United Therapeutics’, sold in 2015 to Sanofi for $245m and to Abbvie for $350m respectively.
Scarcity value
Several changes since then have had important effects on the scarcity value of PRVs. While back then the paediatric PRV scheme was destined to end in March 2016, it is now in the process of being extended until the end of 2018.
Four PRVs are still unsold, counting Johnson & Johnson’s and the two belonging to Alexion in addition to Sarepta’s. Furthermore, the removal of earlier limits on the transferability of tropical disease PRVs will impinge further on the value of the rare paediatric variety; there does not seem to be a limit on the future issuance of tropical disease PRVs.
| The fate of disclosed priority review vouchers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date sold | Price | Date issued | Voucher type | Issued company | Action |
| – | – | Apr 2009 | Tropical disease | Novartis | Redeemed by Novartis in BLA for Ilaris (gout) |
| Jul 2014 | $67.5m | Feb 2014 | Rare paediatric | Biomarin | Sold to Sanofi & Regeneron |
| Sep 2014 | Not disclosed | Sep 2015 | Rare paediatric | Wellstat | Transferred to AstraZeneca in licensing deal |
| Nov 2014 | $125m | Mar 2014 | Tropical disease | Knight | Sold to Gilead |
| May 2015 | $245m | Mar 2015 | Rare paediatric | Asklepion | 3rd paediatric PRV issued; sold to Sanofi |
| Aug 2015 | $350m | Mar 2015 | Rare paediatric | United Therapeutics | Sold to Abbvie |
| Q2 2016* | ~$200m** | Jun 2016 | Tropical disease | Paxvax | Likely sold to Gilead* |
| – | – | Dec 2012 | Tropical disease | J&J | None |
| – | – | Oct 2015 | Rare paediatric | Alexion | None*** |
| – | – | Dec 2015 | Rare paediatric | Alexion | None*** |
| – | – | Sep 2016 | Rare paediatric | Sarepta | None |
| Notes: *Gilead revealed purchase of undisclosed PRV in Q2 statement; **based on Gilead disclosure of $624m increase in R&D spend, less $400m Nimbus purchase and undisclosed clinical trial progression; ***assumed, as Alexion, a listed entity, would likely have had to disclose transfer. | |||||
Evidence of PRV transfers suggests a rising trend of prices paid, culminating at United’s $350m windfall. However, in a second-quarter report Gilead revealed that it had bought a PRV for an undisclosed amount; back-calculating from the hints it dropped about its resulting increase in spending suggests a price of $200m – a significant drop from $350m.
And, of course, any price paid will be determined by demand as well as supply. Since filing with a PRV can reduce review time from 10 months to six, a buyer needs to reckon on the net present value of an extra four months’ profits of its proposed drug exceeding the amount it pays for the PRV.
Put simply, it would likely require a drug to hit blockbuster sales almost as soon as it hits the market to justify shelling out $300m on a PRV. Beyond Roche’s Ocrevus, Gilead’s bictegravir and Ophthotech’s Fovista there are no obvious late-stage industry candidates capable of meeting this threshold.
If Sarepta does manage to sell its PRV for $300m that would give it a strong cash balance of about $420m; nevertheless it has decided to file for a $225m secondary equity offering – a logical use of this week’s share price surge.
A final consideration is whether its PRV – or indeed any cash it gets for it in a sale – might be revoked in the event of eteplirsen’s accelerated approval being withdrawn on the basis of lack of efficacy.
There appears to be no provision for forfeiture of a PRV in the current legislation, and on this matter, as on Sarepta’s specific plans for its PRV, the fund-raising prospectus is silent.
